Animal farm essay on squealer Essay

Throughout the play squealer is responsible for bringing about changes on animal farm after jones is expelled. In this essay I’m going to explain why. In the extract, squealer is trying to convince the animals that the pigs are doing everything for the animals and for the farm. The pigs are taking all the privileges on the farm for themselves. Squealer threatens the animals by saying ‘do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, jones would come back!’ He uses rhetorical questions on this as he doesn’t want the animals to answer him because he doesn’t want them to think. He will do the thinking for them. The animals defineately don’t want mr jones back and squealer scares the animals into thinking that they’re doing all they can to prevent jones coming back. He uses this to control the animals. Squealer tries the convince the animals that they are sacrificial in what they do and by eating the milk and apples they arnt a privelege but its a ‘hardship’. ‘You do not imagine. I hope we pigs are doing the selfishness and privilege?’- he tells lies and convinces the animals that this is the way it should be. He’s responsible for the change on animal farm as he tells the animals what napoleon told him to and because the animals are so gullible they just believe him. He exploits the animals in jones’ return. When he is first introduced he was a ‘brilliant talker’. The animals said he could ‘turn black into white’ meaning he makes bad things look good. His importance is clearly suggested. His introduction to the fable is longer than snowballs or napoleons. Squealer is napoleons henchman and will ensure that napoleon becomes more unapproachable and secure. His leadership presented is as ‘sacrifices ‘, ‘extra labour’ not a ‘pleasure’ but a ‘deep and heavy reasonsibility.’ After napoleons announcement, squealer made a round of the farm and set the animal’s ‘mind rest.’ His confidence ‘assured them’, persuading them to doubt their own memories asking ‘have you and record†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ And ‘is it written?’ When the pigs move into the farmhouse, squealer persuades by what  seems ‘logical’ arguments. The pigs who were ‘the brains’ are justified, they deserve priveleges as squealer agues. Squealers ‘excellent speeches’ are partly clichà ©s, ‘joy of service’ ‘dignity of labour’. Here propaganda is less effective than inspiration example boxer. When challenged by boxes, squealer uses napoleon as the supreme authority. Squealers manipulation of historical evidence is crucial to his success. As usual, he has brilliant tactics- vivid account effective ‘performance’ questions making animals doubt themselves. When boxer dies the animals are very sad and squealer uses euphemistic termonology ‘readjustment’ rather that ‘reduction’. This is a deliberate and effective distortion of the truth. The animals were glad to believe squealer as it was the easiest things to do so. Squealer is full of mock sympathy and uses it as an oppurtunity to praise napoleon and suggests his case for boxer.

Medication Errors: Causes and Problems Reporting Essay

In the early morning hours of a 12-hour night shift, a nurse gives the patient an incorrect medication. The aspirin given was ordered for the patient in the next room. Medication errors are common in the hospital setting and especially by a nurse who is fatigued from working a 12-hour shift. In the situation described, should the nurse report the error or assume that the incident is not worth reporting since it was only aspirin? Surprisingly, according to Covell and Ritchie (2009) most medication errors are simply overlooked. â€Å"Nurses estimate that only between 25% and 63% of medication errors are actually reported† (p. 287). This estimation may seem low to some; however, other researchers estimate that the voluntary reporting of medication errors may be even lower. In 2009, Jones and Treiber found that less than 5% of medication errors are reported. Medications are typically ordered by physicians, but it is ultimately the nurses’ responsibility to administer the correct medication. There are several steps in this process and unfortunately when one step is altered, a medication error can occur. Preventing errors has been and continues to be an important aspect of nursing. I believe that in order to provide patients with the best possible care it is important for nurses to understand the common reported causes of medication errors, problems in reporting errors, and their role in medication prevention and reporting. Throughout this paper I will discuss the medication error issues described above and their importance and impact on the nursing profession. Topics discussed in this paper include the common causes of medication errors, perceived problems with reporting medication errors, and the importance of medication errors to the profession of nursing. Common Causes of Medication Errors Nurse Correlated Causes Even though preventative measures are taken, nurses are often still the cause of medication errors. Medication administration is a major intervention in nursing and when distracted or fatigued it is easy for simple mistakes to occur that normally would not have happened. The five rights are taught to all nurses at some point in their education as the basic technique to help reduce the occurrence of medication errors; however, many nurses fail to consistently and accurately utilize these measures. According to a study of 775 nurses conducted by Jones and Treiber (2010), 79% of participants believed that failure to follow the five rights of medication administration causes the majority of medication errors. Other nurse-correlated causes identified by Jones and Treiber (2010) include distractions and interruptions of the nurse, high patient nurse ratios, and lack of proper education along with fatigue and exhaustion. Types of factors that are directly related to nurses are considered internal causes of medication errors. However, literature shows that a combination of internal and external variables within the nursing environment contribute to medication errors. Unfortunately, actions by nurses and failures to follow common nursing protocols directly place the responsibility of medication errors on the nursing profession. Other Associated Causes It is also important to consider causes of errors other than the common internal causes directly correlated to nurses. A common external cause of medication errors is miscommunication. Miscommunication can occur in several different ways, but it often involves miscommunication from the initial prescription by physicians. Brady, Malone, and Fleming (2009) found that, â€Å"ineffective written and verbal communication in relation to prescriptions contribute to medication errors, particularly between nurses and physicians† (p. 692). Quite often, handwriting is not legible when prescriptions are written which results in medication errors. Since many drugs look and sound similar, it is easy for nurses to confuse handwriting. An example involves the medications, Vioxx, Ziox, and Zyvox. These medications sound very similar; however, they are used for very different treatments. Confusion by the nurse in writing a verbal order or in reading the order related to one of these three medications could result in immense consequences. In a survey of 983 registered nurses, Brady et al. (2009) likewise concluded that poor handwriting ranks among the top three causes of medication errors. In addition, there are many other factors that have been shown to contribute to medication errors including incomplete patient information, use of abbreviations, unavailable drug information, lack of appropriate packaging and labeling of meds, and environmental factors such as bad lighting. Understanding the cause of medication errors is an important step to decrease the occurrence and prevent future errors from occurring. Unfortunately, reporting of errors is still a large problem among the nursing profession. Perceived Problems with Reporting Barriers to Reporting Most nurses would agree that medication errors should be reported when they occur, yet medication errors are still underreported. A survey conducted by Jones and Treiber (2010) found that among nurses, â€Å"94% either strongly agreed or agreed that medication errors should be reported even when no harm resulted to the patient (p. 243).† Based on these findings, it is obvious that there is some inconsistency between actual occurrence and reporting. These findings also suggest that there may be barriers to reporting. Barriers to reporting can be broken down into four major groups according to research from both Koohestani and Baghcheghi (2009) and Covell and Ritchie (2009). The major groups are inadequate definition, fear, reporting process, and administrative process. Surveys conducted by Covell and Ritchie (2009), determined that fear ranked as the highest barrier to reporting since â€Å"participants indicated that they were most fearful of adverse consequences from reporting medication errors† (p. 289). Findings by Koohestani and Baghcheghi’s (2009) regarding barriers to reporting by nursing students also demonstrated fear as the strongest perceived barrier. Their research indicated that among nursing students the fear of, â€Å"decreasing evaluation score and introducing educational problems† along with â€Å"instructor’s reprimand† ranked as the highest barriers (p. 70). Surprisingly, both studies ranked the process of reporting, time to fill out proper forms and time to contact physician, as having the least impact on reporting. Increased Reporting The large number of medication errors and the lack of reporting suggest a need for change among the nursing profession. According to research findings from a study conducted by Drach-Zachavy & Pud (2010), â€Å"Approximately every third patient, on average, is exposed to some sort of deviation from the regulations when receiving medication. Yet, when nurses were confronted with these findings, they tended to dismiss their gravity and argued that they were trivial in the hospital context† (p.801). One way to improve the problem of medication errors is to draw attention to the issue. This can be done by increased reporting of errors among the nursing profession. However, due to the barriers of reporting described by nurses, establishing a concrete system to improve reporting has been difficult. Most nurses are aware that underreporting of medication errors does occur; however, they still fail to report. Education about proper reporting and awareness of the issue has been shown to increase reporting among nurses. Research shows that the major barrier to reporting medication errors is fear; therefore, reducing fear is a major component to increase reporting. Strategies to reduce fear include procedures to, â€Å"ensure that the processes used for reporting medication errors are respectful† (Covell & Ritchie, 2009, p. 295). It is also important for administrators and nursing managers to create a working environment conducive to reporting, one that encourages and supports reporting of errors (Koohestani & Baghcheghi, 2009, p. 73). Another strategy to improve reporting deals with the process of reporting. Although the process of reporting was considered the lowest barrier to reporting, research still suggests that improving this process can lead to better reporting of outcomes. Brady et al. (2009) suggest that electronic reporting systems improve reporting. This type of system improves the reporting process by making it easier. There is significantly less paperwork required, and the fear associated with reporting is significantly reduced. In order to change the lack of reporting of medication errors, the perceived problems with reporting need to be improved. The first step in this improvement starts within the nursing profession. Recognizing that nurses play an active role in preventing and reporting medication errors will help to decrease the number of errors. However, the distinct role of nurses in reporting medications errors needs further discussion. Importance to the Nursing Profession Role of Nurses The major role of nurses in the process of medication errors is first and foremost prevention. To help prevent errors, nurses must first recognize why medication errors occur and make an effort to eliminate the source. They must also strive to actively follow implemented guidelines and procedures. For example, consistently practicing the five of rights of medication administration has been shown to decrease the occurrence of errors. According to Brady et al. (2009) the major role of nurses is to, â€Å"take appropriate steps to develop and maintain competence in relation to all aspects of medication management† (p. 694). Education plays a key role in maintaining nursing competence; therefore, it is imperative to remain up to date with current knowledge, evidence based practice, and skills. Once a medication error occurs, the most important role of the nurse is to report. Brady et al. (2009) concludes that, â€Å"reporting medication errors is pivotal in improving the medication management process† (p. 694). Reporting is critical for nurses because it is a legal and ethical concern in the nursing profession. Nurses must consistently report all errors and also encourage other health care professionals to report as well. Overall, the most important roles among nursing professionals are to administer medications safely and accurately, report errors consistently, and adhere to the American Nurses’ Association Code of Ethics. Concluding Integration Reconsider the medication error discussed at the beginning of this paper. As the nurse in the situation, I might not have initially reported the medication error. I might have only informed the charge nurse of my mistake. After researching this topic, my views on medication errors and reporting have changed. I now have a greater understanding of the impact that an active nursing role can have in reducing medication errors. I believe that the implications of medication errors are important because medication administration is a key nursing role. Throughout my nursing career I will administer medications to thousands of patients. Unfortunately, I will likely be the cause of at least one medication error. According to the literature, medication errors do occur. Therefore, it is important to recognize causes so that steps can be made toward preventing medication errors. I believe that measures such as proper training and additional education are the best methods to preventing medication errors. It is also very important for nurses to actively practice safe medication administration by taking a â€Å"back to basics† approach and utilizing simple techniques such as the five rights. Furthermore, I believe that the best way to improve reporting is to reduce the fear surrounding reporting. One way to do this would be to initiate online reporting systems. In my future nursing practice, it will ultimately be my responsibility to administer the correct medication to patients. In order to provide patients with the best outcomes, it is important for nurses to understand the implications of medication errors. References Bradley, A. M., Malone, A. M., & Fleming, S. (2009). A literature review of the individual and system factors that contribute to medication errors in nursing practice. Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 679-697. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.00995.x Covell, C. L., & Ritchie, J. A. (2009). Nurses’ responses to medication errors: Suggestions for the development of organizational strategies to improve reporting. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24, 287-297. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0b013e3181a4d506 Drach-Zahavy, A., & Pud, D. (2010). Learning mechanisms to limit medication administration errors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66, 794-805. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-26482010.05294.x Jones, J. H., & Treiber, L. (2010). When the 5 rights go wrong: Medication errors from the nursing perspective. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 25, 240-247. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0b013e3181d5b948 Koohestani, H. R., & Baghcheshi, N. (2009). Barriers to the reporting of medication administration errors among nursing students. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24 (1), pp. 66-74. 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Sony Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Sony Corporation - Research Paper Example Sony’s mission statement is â€Å"To experience the joy of advancing and applying technology for the benefit of the public†. Sony develops a wide range of innovative products and services which changed the way consumers enjoy the digital entertainment. Sony strives continuously to create new areas of entertainment which can be experienced by the variety of products they offer. Market SummaryFor any marketing activity promotion of its product is a key step in enhancing its revenue. Through the promotional effort, Sony is trying to create awareness among the public about the product and the services it offers. Sony has increased its marketing budget to Rs 250 cr in this financial year on advertising and promotion of its premium segment of consumer electronic goods mainly on laptops, TVs etc.The Vaio was not the first PC created by Sony. The first was a transistor based calculator, SOBAX manufactured in the year 1967. It then withdrew its product because of stiff competiti on from Casio and Sharp. It was not until the mid-1990s when household consumers in Japan started using PCs for their activities. This opened up the possibility of using PCs and audiovisual medium. The full form of VAIO is Video Audio Integrated Operation which shows their ambition to integrate PCs with telecommunication, movies, and music. Sony VAIO is the best brand in the laptop series that is available in the market. Sony VAIO series is mainly targeted at youth category with the slightly high range of prices.... Then the company withdrew its computer business for a decade. It again re-entered into the computer market under a new brand name, VAIO brand in 1996 with PCV series of desktops. Mission Statement Sony’s mission statement is â€Å"To experience the joy of advancing and applying technology for the benefit of the public†. Sony develops a wide range of innovative products and services which changed the way consumers enjoy the digital entertainment. Sony strives continuously to create new arenas of entertainment which can be experienced by the variety of products they offer (Sony, 2003). Market Summary For any marketing activity promotion of its product is a key step in enhancing its revenue. Through the promotional effort Sony is trying to create awareness among the public about the product and the services it offers. Sony has increased its marketing budget to Rs 250 cr in this financial year on advertising and promotion of its premium segment of consumer electronic goods mainly on laptops, TVs etc. The Vaio was not the first PC created by Sony. The first was a transistor based calculator, SOBAX manufactured in the year 1967. It then withdrew its product because of stiff competition from Casio and Sharp. It was not until mid-1990s when household consumers in Japan started using PCs for their activities. This opened up the possibility for using PCs and audio visual medium. The full form of VAIO is Video Audio Integrated Operation which shows their ambition to integrate PCs with telecommunication, movies and music (Chang, 2011). Sony VAIO is the best brand in the laptop series that is available in the market. Sony VAIO series is mainly targeted at youth category with slightly high range of prices. Hence VAIO mainly uses

Egyptian Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Egyptian Elections - Essay Example Similarly, this paper traces the history of the Middle East concerning matters of political, economical and even social nature. Additionally, the discussion delves into the driving factors of the Arab Spring and the lessons the new president of Egypt should learn (Lesch 43). Furthermore, this essay is going evaluate the different forms of regimes and democracies practiced in the Arab nations such as Islamic Republic, absolute monarchies, liberal democracies and competitive authoritarianism among others. Therefore, the president I have predicted is Amr Moussa and below explain why. In the forthcoming Egyptian elections, there are fundamental issues in the context of elections that merit a discussion. Similarly, in making truthful predictions of the president and party, which are likely to ascend to power, other paramount considerations of the long journey Egyptian citizens, have travelled, should be noted down. On that account, this essay is going to look briefly at the history of the Middle East of which Egypt is a member and how it has come to be in the modern history in the context of development. For instance, it is a well known that civilization begun in Middle East in the period of 3500 BC, namely in Mesopotamia, which is currently in Iraq and ancient Egypt. Similarly, ancient Egypt facilitated the spread of civilization along the Nile River valley which was led by the Pharaohs in order to bring change (Lust 123). Similarly, before making a prediction concerning the elections that are on May 23 and 24, 2012, this essay highlights the different phases of history Egypt has endured. These include the prehistoric Egypt and Ancient Egypt that was characterized with kingdoms from 31 to 1070 BC. Furthermore, this period marked the beginning of a monarchy where Pharaohs practiced authoritarian leadership upon their citizens. After Ancient Egypt, came the Greco-Roma Egypt where Egypt began trading with other worlds to acquire economic autonomy. After the Greco-Roma Egypt came the Medieval Egypt and, finally, Modern Egypt, which was begun in 1882 until the ouster of Hosni Mubarak (Eva 153). In other words, the paper attempts to link the transition of the forthcoming elections with the past regimes of Egypt and how to chart a way forward. However, when we study at the history of the modern Middle East, there are critical issues that are worth mentioning to understand the situation. For example, it has metamorphosed into a zone of conflict where democracy does not exist but instead authoritarian monarchs persecute the people. Such countries include Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Bahrain among others that have been affected. For countries that practice democracy such as Iran and Egypt, the elections are always flawed with leaders extending their political terms to their advantage, which only breeds violence (Lesch 47). As a result, this has spawned liberal democracies where the real fruits of democracy are not enjoyed but trampled upon by the leaders. O n that note, countries that practice of democracy include Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Israel among others. Egypt under the former president, Hosni Mubarak, was also known to practice competitive authoritarianism where he exercised coercive tactics to win elections despite the efforts of the opposition. However,

Tort coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tort coursework - Essay Example Bloke can pursue damages against Ruff Ltd., Right. Ltd and Shoddy Plc under the Compensation Act 2006 since it permits joint liability when asbestos exposure can be attributed to two or more defendants.1 The test for determining whether or not a duty of care exist was first established by the landmark case of Donoghue v Stevenson. In this case Lord Atkin introduced the neighbour principle which is the accepted test used for ascertaining whether or not a duty of care is owed and to whom. According to this principle a duty of care exists in the sense that an individual is required to take all necessary precautions to prevent injury to one’s neighbour. ‘Who then in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called to question’.2 Over the years the neighbour principle has become the cornerstone for all cases involving tortuous claims. In the leading case of Caparo Industries v Dickman the neighbour principle was elaborated on. It was held that in order to ascertain whether of not a duty of care existed there must be proximity of relationship between the parties. First and foremost, however, the resulting harm must have been foreseeable. Moreover, the imposition of a duty of care in the circumstances must be fair, just and equitable.3 In a later case it was held that the criteria set forth in Caparo Industries v Dickman was applicable and relevant in all subsequent cases.4 As to whether or not it is fair or just to impose a duty of care Lord Diplock addressed the issue in Dorset Yacht Co. Ltd v Home Office. He simply said that ‘the choice is exercised by making a policy decision whether or not a duty of care ought to exist.’5 In this case a successful claim was made against the Home Office in respect of Prison Officers when juvenile delinquents

Corporate Social Responsibility in Banks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Corporate Social Responsibility in Banks - Essay Example Corporate Social Responsibility in Banks Therefore, when a corporation engages in corporate social responsibility, it is acting in the best interest of forces which are not in a close relationship with the corporation, to the detriment of forces which are (Lantos, 2001, p. 1). This theory is based upon classical economic theory which is underscored by Milton Friedman’s analysis (Bronn&Vrioni, 2001, p 208), and this theory does not leave room for behaving ethically or responsibly (Paine, 2003, p. 1) However, in today’s socially conscious world, the traditional view is short-sighted. In this world of Occupy protests, where corporations are portrayed as soulless entities, and the extreme profit motive is seen as inherently evil, corporations now will benefit tremendously from being more socially responsible. Therefore, if corporations can show society that they are not just interested in profits, but are also interested in better the world and the environment, they will be once again more attractive to consumers. Therefore, corporate social responsibility in this environment would be advantageous to the bottom line (Innes, 2006, p. 355). This is particularly true regarding the banking industry, which is widely perceived, not inaccurately, as being the catalyst to the worldwide recession that has occurred, as their shoddy practices effectively brought down economies worldwide. Corporate responsibility may be ethical, legal, economic or philanthropic. (Mohr, 2001, p. 47). There are many reasons why corporations are compelled to act responsibly. One of the reasons why a corporation might act responsibly is its image, and, as stated above, corporate responsibility helps a corporation’s image, which, in turn, helps the corporation’s bottom line – people are more likely to patronize a corporation who is seen as being concerned about the environment and other social causes that the public holds dear (Paine, 2003, p. 110). A corporation who has socially friendly practices may b e the target of a â€Å"buycott.† Friedman (1996) advocates â€Å"buycotts,† which is the flip side of a boycott. In a boycott, companies are punished for misdeeds. On the other hand, a boycott rewards the corporation for its policies when their policies are in line with activists of a certain cause. These activists are organized and induce other shoppers to patronize the store who shares their beliefs (Friedman, 1996, p. 440). A good example of this are â€Å"Green† purchasers, who look at the ethics of a certain purchase, look at whether the purchase enhances sustainability, and decides to make the purchase based upon these factors (Young, et al., 2010, p. 20). Social investing is another way that a corporation may benefit. Social investing is where people invest their money in corporations which are in line with their personal beliefs or forward causes that the individual believes in (Entine, 2003, p. 1). Alternatively, corporations who do not act socially re sponsibility may be punished for indiscretions. For instance, a corporation who is targeted for socially unfriendly policies may find themselves the target of a boycott and other problems. When corporations do not do the right thing, then they may face boycotts, PR nightmares and fewer customers buying their products (Sassatelli, 2006, p. 218). An example of this is Bank of America. When it announced plans to charge its customers a $5 monthly debit card fee, the backlash was immediate and intense. Customers were outraged at this

World War I Propaganda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World War I Propaganda - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in April 1917, the U.S.A. entered World War I and within no time produced many propaganda posters.   These posters were to encourage the civilians to take the war seriously and to encourage them to support their soldiers for their small requirements so that they can fight at the front with ample of resources and with peace of mind. These posters were made to motivate the mass of America to eat those food products that cannot be given to the soldiers and therefore the posters encouraged the civilians to eat cheese and save the more energy giving food like wheat to the soldiers, they encouraged the civilians to eat less and save more food and long-lasting food products for their soldiers. The paper tells that the posters encouraged the civilians to make more ships and ammunition which are required for the war. The posters were motivating people to participate in the war by joining the American army/ navy and also motivating to inculcat e the thought in the minds of civilians that â€Å"together we win†. The posters were loaded with the patriotic messages and actions to inspire the people of America to work for their countrymen and to be helping hands for each other and moreover for the soldiers. The author has rightly presented that the posters carried the messages of President and all the big leaders to make people aware of the happenings in the country.

Small Pox Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small Pox - Research Paper Example Smallpox can readily spread from one individual to other through saliva droplets (Tucker, 2001). Smallpox could also spread from the clothes and bedding of the infected person (Tucker, 2001). It is during the first week of the infection that smallpox happens to be most contagious. Until the rash scabs of an infected patient fall off, the virus continuous to be contagious. The smallpox virus infiltrates the human body through respiratory tract (Todar, 2009). It permeates the human mucous membrane and spread and multiplies in the associated lymph nodes, before making its way to the rest of the human organ systems (Todar, 2009). The incubation time of smallpox varies from 1 to 12 days (Tucker, 2001). The symptoms of smallpox emerge within 12 to 14 days after a patient catches the smallpox virus (Tucker, 2001). The varied symptoms of smallpox include prominent pink rashes that turn into crusty sores by the 8th or 9th day of getting infected, vomiting, backache, delirium, severe headache, malaise, diarrhea, high fever, fatigue and excessive bleeding (PubMed Health, 2012) . These symptoms may be accompanied by additional complications like bone infections, skin infections, severe bleeding, pneumonia, and eye infections (PubMed Health, 2012). The salient laboratory tests that are used to diagnose smallpox include white blood cell count, DIC panel and platelet count (PubMed Health, 2012). In the context of the treatment, if the person contacting smallpox is vaccinated within 1 to 4 days, this may prevent illness or may perhaps make the intensity of illness less severe (PubMed Health, 2012). However, once a patient develops full blown symptoms of smallpox, there is no treatment for smallpox. There is no salt or drug that can be used to treat smallpox. However, many a times the smallpox patients are administered antibiotics to treat associated infections that may develop along with smallpox (Todar, 2009). Individuals who are positively diagnosed of smallpox

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Business Law (Interbational) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Law (Interbational) - Essay Example Schafer (31-46) explicitly describes the current rules applicable to the taxation of companies operating internationally. For examples, multinational companies or enterprises, and firms sited in another locality different from the residence of the people in charge of the companies’ administration. The following taxation principles are in operation: Establishment of framework for international taxation: Schafer (31) strongly believes that the first step in determining what kind of taxes to pay to which locality begins by establishing the framework for the taxation. The importance of the framework is to stipulate: one, whether a jurisdiction is entitled to tax income from an internationally run firm; two, the allocation formula among the entities that could claim the rights to the tax income; and, finally, preventive measures to avoid unduly double taxation. Jurisdiction issue: Schafer (33) defines a jurisdiction as the â€Å"company’s residence country where its main activities are concentrated, and the company utilizes the benefits provided by the residence country†. Some of the benefits the residence country (a tax haven, possibly) provides to the company may include economic resources, security or legal, financial, physical and social infrastructures that could be used at a cheaper cost compared with the expensiveness of such benefits at the company owners’ home countries, as in the case of the three friends from OECD countries (Schafer 33). And tax incomes are traditionally paid to the jurisdiction where is company is situated. Technically, a company’s jurisdiction could be described as the place where the company is registered or incorporated. In case it is unclear to ascertain the exact jurisdiction of a company based on its legal registration, the company’s place of economic allegiance, that is , where its main management structure and business operation reside could be taken as the

Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals Essay Example for Free

Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals Essay This project will aim to solve the information handling problems of Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals. Marios Game and Video Masters Rentals is a rental store that rents videos, games, and now DVDs (newly added) and is run by a man named Mario Anderson. To provide these services information is collected and stored about the items, and the members. Information about each member is written on a card, which is then put in to a card index box, which is sorted out by the member surname, then forename, then member number. Information about the items is put onto a card, which is then put in its case. After each day, a shop assistant writes loans list of all the items that have been rented out, along with the member number and video number, and name. What happens in Normal circumstances? When a member wants to rent out a copy, the customer must take it from an empty case from the shelf with the item card inside it. When he/she hands it into the counter, the shop assistant takes the card out and looks at the video number, and then takes the member number from the customer. If the member has lost their membership card, then they must pay a fee of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00, and will receive a new card. The persons old card for the store is destroyed, and the new one is put in the box .The shop assistant then asks the customer how many days he or she will want to rent it for, and writes it on the item card. The shop assistant then hands the item over to the customer. When an item is returned, the shop assistant goes back to the loan list from the date of rental. He or she then crosses it off. Then, he or she puts the case back onto the shelf and the item behind the counter. At the end of everyday, the loan lists are searched to find out if there are any overdue items. Then, by hand they must write a letter to the corresponding people. What happens in Special circumstances? When a new member joins, he must pay a joining fee of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00. Their details are stored on the card and placed in the index box in order. The shop assistant then gives the new member a membership card. When a member leaves, hand in their membership card, and their card in the index box is taken out and destroyed. When an item is bought, an item details card is filled out and put in the case. The actual item is put behind the counter, and the case with the card inside is placed on the shelf. When an item is sold because it is not popular anymore, the video card is taken out and destroyed. What Problems do the current system cause? The current system causes the following problems: Members lose their membership cards. They must pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00 for a new one. Sometimes the cards go missing, so then new ones must be written out, and that is quite time-consuming. Sometimes, when different shop assistants write out the video card, other assistants may not be able to read the others handwriting, which leads to huge error e.g. a 4 written could look like a 9. A members card or an item card could be misplaced and could take a lot of time to find It is very time consuming when a shop assistant must look through the loan lists and write the reminder letters. When customers ask the staff whether a particular title is available, the staff will not be able to know it unless they have a particularly good memory. How could Mr Anderson solve the information-handling problems? Mr Anderson could solve their information handling problems by using a filing cabinet to store their information about members and items using detail cards. The advantage of this system is that much more information can be stored using this system. But the disadvantages are that these could be misplaced, lost or damaged, just like the existing system. Unauthorised people can take some records. It would also be quite time consuming. Another way of solving the problems would be to use a computer to store information about members, rentals, and items. The advantages of this system are that it can store a lot of data in a small space, searches through it very quickly. But computers can be quite expensive. There are two ways a computer can be used. You could write a program to solve all the information-handling problems, but I do not know how to write programs on the computer and it is very expensive to pay a programmer and it would be time-consuming. Or, you could use an application package such as a database. This database could store and process all the information about members, items, and rentals What is the best way out of the solutions? The best way to solve the information handling problems of Mr Anderson will be to set up a new system using a computer. I have decided to use a computer because: * Computers can store large amounts of data in a small space. * The information can be searched very quickly * Lists and reports about the information in a computer can be produced very quickly and easily. * There is already a computer that can be used (Mr Anderson has two computers at home, one of which he does not use) I have decided to do this using an application package because: * I do not know how to write computer programs * There is a wide variety of application packages * Application packages can be changed and customised to suit the needs of the user * Have used different application packages I the past The most suitable type of application package will be a database because: * Database packages are specially designed to store and process information. * I have used database packages before, so I know a lot more about these as oppose to packages I have never used before What must the new system be able to do? The new system must be able to perform the following tasks: * Allow member details to be looked up, edited and stored quickly, easily and accurately * Allow item details to be looked up, edited and stored quickly, easily and accurately * Allow rental details to be looked up, edited and stored quickly, easily and accurately * Allow item details to be searched to answer customer enquiries quickly and easily * Produce a report listing member and video details for overdue items. * Produce reminder letters to members with overdue items. The following criteria will be used to evaluate the success of the new system: * The system must be able to store at least 10 member records * The system must be able to store at least 20 item records * The system must be able to store at least 10 rental records * It must take no longer than 30 seconds to find and display a rental, item or loan record. * It must take no longer than two minutes to answer customers enquiries by entering search criteria and finding matching item * It must take no more than one minute to find and delete a member, item or rental record * It must take no more than two minutes to find and edit a member, item or rental record * It must take no more than two minutes to create a new member, item or rental record * On-screen data entry forms must be clearly laid out to make data entry easy * On-screen data entry forms must use automatic data validation to reduce data error on input * It must take no longer than 5 minutes to search for members with overdue video and produce a summary report * Reminder letters to customers with overdue videos should be clearly laid out and include all the details of the videos that need to be returned.

A real estate investment trust

A real estate investment trust Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction A Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is a mode of indirect investment which buys, sells, develops and manages property investments. REITs have an advantage in that they experience gains from certain taxation rules. Before REITs were introduced in the UK in 2007 listed property companies suffered from double taxation, with corporation and investors tax being paid on their dividends. With direct property investment there was only one taxation charge on rental income. In order to alleviate this problem the REIT structure was adopted in the UK, by making companies exempt if they met certain requirements. The birth of the REIT structure came from the United States and dates back as far as the 1880s. Originally they were simple modes of investment were it enabled investors to avoid double taxation by distributing their income to beneficiaries. In this essence they have not changed however are more heavily regulated than these early days. Although this tax advantage was ended in the US for a period they quickly re-emerged in 1960s, were their structure has been developed since. Certain changes such as allowing pension funds investment access has saw the mode of investment sore. Although REITs offer advantages of taxation it also has numerous benefits over direct property investment vehicles. The heterogeneity of property can lead to uncertainty about its market value which can be compounded by thin trading in some locations with a lack of transparent data on transaction prices also. Thin trading can lead to delays in the sale and slow legal transfer process. These disadvantages of direct property create the potential for illiquidity and prevent fund managers from actively managing their portfolios. Property also has higher management and transaction costs than the paper asset quality of REITs which can be sold in smaller divisible units. Direct property is â€Å"lumpy† in that only the largest financial institutions can afford to buy in any large volume. REITs have the benefit of being a paper asset tradable on major exchanges with their dividend linked to the income from property. Information for REITs are freely available and regulated by accountin g policies. REITs also have the benefit of the opportunity for investors to diversify risk in their portfolio. This has the benefits of property but without the difficulties linked to direct property investments. In the REIT structure there are 3 different types of REITs generally on offer. Equity REITs offer investment trusts where greater than 75% of assets are in the form of direct ownership of income producing properties. These are the most popular form of REIT. Mortgage REITs however deal in the ownership and investment of property mortgages, they loan money to owners of property or invest in existing mortgages or mortgage securities. These are debt instruments were income is generated from the interest they earn on the mortgage loans. A Hybrid REITs combine both equity and debt instrument. Although REITs appear to offer many advantages in comparison to direct property investment their history in UK since their instigation in the UK has been greatly chequered with the global economic downturn having effected fund values greatly. Source- REITa.org 1.2 Proposition The proposition for this paper is; â€Å"Investor confidence in the UK-REIT has been permanently affected by the timing of their introduction to the UK during the recession.† 1.3 Aims and Objectives Indirect investment in property has been a steadily growing mode of investment in the UK over the previous years. With Real Estate Investment Trusts being introduced to the UK in 2007 my overall research aims to establish the effects recent years have had on investor confidence in UK-REITs performance as an indirect investment mode in portfolios. In order to meet this aim a number of objectives are assembled. These are: To look at how the recession has affected investment in property as a whole. To compare how direct and indirect investment in property have performed in the UK during the recession. To establish whether there is an inherent problem with the structure of UK—REITs or has the recession been the main driver for their underperformance. To interview a mixture of fund managers, property investors and general property professionals in order to support theoretical findings of the poor performance of UK-REITs since their introduction and establish any other underlying factors in the UK-REIT system. 1.4 Scope of Study This research initially involves an overview of the structure of the UK-REIT and its performance history since January 2007. The scope of the study is then further narrowed down, with emphasis on why the UK-REIT has performed poorly supported by interviews to indicate investors views of the future performance of UK-REITs. 1.5 Structure of Study Chapter one: Introduction Introduces the field of this study and states the hypothesis that will be investigated. The chapter also sets out the aims and objectives of the dissertation to â€Å"understand the history of REIT performance within the UK and ascertain if investor confidence has been permanently affected by the recession† and concludes with a brief discussion of the methods used. Chapter two: Research Methodology States the research methodology utilised to carry out this study. It looks at the various types of research and data that will be employed and how these findings will be analysed. Chapter 3: Literature Review This shall look at the generic fundamentals of the UK structure of the REIT in order to establish that the UK-REIT structure is not flawed. It will look at the theoretical determinants of the performance the UK-REIT. Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Conclusion will look at the key findings of the study. Conclusion Chapter 2: Research Methodology 2.1 Introduction The purpose of all research is fundamentally the same and is defined by â€Å"seeking through methodical processes to add to ones own body of knowledge and hopefully, to that of others, by the discovery of non trivial facts and insights.† Sharp and Howard (1996) This chapter shall detail the methods to be implemented during the course of this study. It shall include a brief outline of different methods used; secondary data and primary data along with quantitative and qualitative data. It shall show the process with which the research shall follow, along with its limitations and finally an explanation of how the results can be analysed. 2.2 Types of Research Methods The different types of research methods used during this study shall be described below. 2.21 Secondary Research Secondary research involves the summary, collation and or synthesis of existing research. For my dissertation I shall look at a number of sources of secondary research in order to better inform my primary research. I shall use existing academic research on REITs from journals, in order to source such material from the Library catalogue. Textbooks shall provide another academic background to the subject. Articles from publications such as the Financial Times shall provide current views of property professionals. Search engines such as www.google.com and the Google scholar service shall provide further material for this paper. Historic data on the performance of REITs can be sourced from such bodies as the IPD and REITA.org. This quantitative data shall be statistically analysed. Academic integrity of sources shall have to be taken into consideration when reviewing secondary sources. Academic journals have the Newton metaphor of â€Å"standing on the shoulders of giants† in that their material has been reviewed intensively by other academics before being published. However other material may not have such integrity in their views. For example articles are only one persons view point on a subject and thus may not be entirely correct. 2.22 Primary Research Primary research involves the collection of data that does not already exist. My dissertation shall look to conduct primary research through semi- structured interviews with a mixture of fund managers, property investors and general property professionals. This research shall be in the form of a questionnaire emailed to the individual. The results of which shall be treated ethically following the research ethics guiding principle outlined by Dissertation Guide. This Chapter 3: Literature Review 3.1 Introduction This Chapter shall aim to look into the work of previous academics on REITs. Firstly we shall look at depth the generic fundamentals of the UK structure of the REIT in order to establish that the UK-REIT structure is not flawed. Secondly it will look at the place of REITs in a modern portfolio, REITs as an inflation hedge, information transfer between direct and indirect property and REIT sensitivity. 3.2 The UK structure of the REIT The introduction of REITs in the UK has been long in the making and regarded by many as long overdue. The 2003 Pre-budget report announced that â€Å"in line with the interim recommendations of the Barker review, the government has concluded that reform to the tax treatment of property investment would improve liquidity, transparency and scrutiny, provide access to property for long-term savings and could expand the private rented sector† This was the beginnings of the process that concluded with the introduction of Real estate investment trusts in January 2007. In order to establish a Real Estate Investment Trust structure in the UK the HM Treasury published the Paper â€Å"Promoting more flexible investment in property: a consultation† in 2004. The purpose of this paper was to look at the possibilities of REITs in the UK and to look at successful structures which had been implemented in other countries. By looking at these other structures HM Treasury concluded that REIT structures which I had been successfully implement elsewhere were close-ended, publicly listed and internally manage. The Paper also outlined the requirement to distribute a high level of the income to investors, combined with restrictions on debt gearing and development activity permitted. In order for Real Estate Investment Trusts to be instigated in the UK the Government through this paper set out four key objectives for reform: â€Å"Improving the quality and quantity of finance for investment in commercial and residential property. Expanding access to a wider range of savings products on a stable and well regulated basis. Protecting all taxpayers by ensuring a fair level of tax is paid by the property sector. Supporting the structural change in property markets to reduce costs and improve flexibility and quality for tenants.† HM Treasury 2004 3.21 UK Structural Features The paper (HM Treasury, 2004) also outlined structural features that would be vital to the design of any proposed property investment fund for the UK. Firstly one of the primary objectives for introducing a REIT structure to the UK would be to be listed on the stock exchange. This would expand the opportunity for small investors to invest in a wider range of property. It would also ensure fairness restricting private companies taking advantage of the tax arrangement without delivering some of the wider public benefits. The paper also outlines further benefits to being lists on the stock exchange; ensuring a wide investor base and encourages access to the retail investor. The listed property structure also determines frequent market scrutiny with the regulation structure already place in the stock market ensuring transparency for the investor, whilst also increasing liquidity of the asset type. Another potential advantage would be that the fund might trade closer to its net asset value, which would make it easier to raise new capital on the market. A second key structural feature of the UK-REIT was to establish if a close-ended or open ended fund structure would be more suitable. An open ended structure could mean that the scheme may have to liquidate asset quickly, at a time which might not be appropriate for the market leading to instability. The nature of property as an illiquid asset and with the requirement of some degree of liquidity to be present in the portfolio causes difficulties in the open ended structure. With the close-ended structure the UK-REIT these difficulties do not arise. If an investor wishes to withdraw an investment they may simply sell shares, where the price reflects market equilibrium for the share. Thirdly in this early stage of the looking at the possible UK-REIT structure it was decided that there would be a high level of income distribution to investors. This was to ensure that that investors had good returns. However the exact distribution percentage needed to be designed to reflect conditions specific to the UK in order to for there to be sufficient cash to maintain properties in the portfolio. The report also looked at the levels of borrowing that the property investment fund should be allowed. If there was high borrowing allowed then this would imply high debt service costs, reducing the level of income to investors, perhaps also changing the balance from an income return based investment to a capital value return. With high borrowing, then the structure may resemble that of an ordinary property company. The report also looks at concern over the development activity in the UK structure. The government had two objectives for this; firstly to encourage greater renewal within the property industry, to develop new commercial and residential property. Also secondly to ensure that the property sector contributes its share of tax, with high levels of income and capital being distributed to investors. With the high distribution costs and borrowing restrictions it was decided that the fund should not be a vehicle which newly developed property would be sold and managed. In December 2006 HM Revenues and Customs published their pre budget report, outlining the UK- REIT structure that would be implemented in January 2007. 90% of the income from the tax exempt business is to be distributed to shareholders within 12 months of the end of the accounting period. The company must not be controlled by five or fewer shareholders. Shares must be recognised on a recognised stock exchange An entry Charge of 2% of the market value of their investment properties is chargeable at the date of conversion 75% or more of its assets must take the form of investment property and 75% or more of its income must be rental income. The company must not borrow money on terms that are linked to its profits. Distributions of UK-REITs tax exempt income are treated as income from property. Where a UK-REIT carries on a joint venture, the activities of the joint venture company can be taken into account in deciding if the UK-REIT meets the regime conditions. Restrictions on gearing; profits must cover interest payments by at least 1.25times failing this the company will pay corporation tax. 3.3 REITs place in a Portfolio The place of REITs in a portfolio has been the subject of much debate. Chiang et al. (2002) conducted research into the place of REITs in a contemporary portfolio. It states that the business of investment management is a decentralised, top-down one in which practitioners must estimate the optimal asset class mix. Therefore fund managers must have an understanding of what exactly Real Estate Investment Trusts are at the macro level, in order to be effective in optimising and diversifying their portfolios. If an investment manager was able to mimic the returns of REITs, the less understood REIT would be likely to be operationally redundant. However if the price behaviour of REITs is unique then including REITs into portfolios would be essential and beneficial to practitioners, as their portfolios are further diversified at the macro level. The Chiang et al paper is motivated to provide evidence regarding the benefits of diversification from including REITs in multi asset portfolios wi thout or combined with unsecuritised real estate. Liang and McIntosh (1998) however include a more complete set of asset classes over a longer period of time in order to derive more conclusive results. The research concluded that REITs are a unique asset class which cannot be mimicked at the macro level by investing in other asset classes. The paper also investigated that styles of REITs can change over time, while the returns remained unique throughout the sample period. However in a study by Glasgock et al.(2000) claims that previous research only looked at linear relationships and without acknowledging the long run economic effects that may occur. In their study they used integration analysis to examine long term economic relationships among REITs and other markets. Need more about real estate versus stocks

The Concept Of Headhunting In HR

The Concept Of Headhunting In HR Headhunting refers to the approach of finding and attracting the best experienced person with the required skill set. Headhunting is also a recruitment process involves convincing the person to join your organization. This is very use full process in every organization at this time many companies follow headhunting process from this process hr manager recruit only experience and skilled labour for getting information about current market situation and how to manage the our customer so this process is important for companies. Headhunting Process For the headhunting process we apply three fundamental steps: 1- Defining a search strategy In collaboration with clients, we evaluate the assignment parameters and requirements and determine a specific search strategy for finding the best candidate. Paramount to this process is an acute understanding of the clients culture, the position responsibilities and the necessary qualifications. Once a search strategy is defined we generate a list of target sectors, companies, networks and relevant associations. 2-Candidate identification and evaluation We conduct preliminary research for developing an initial candidate list. We screen, meet and assess a short list of potential candidates through telephone and face-to-face interviews. When applicable, we facilitate all interviews, assessment centres, psychometric testing and medicals. 3-Search report and follow-up We consult with our clients to review preferred candidates and assist in the selection process. When a preferred candidate(s) is selected, we will then conduct reference checks in consultation with the client. Once the position is filled, we will conduct ongoing follow-up with both client and candidate. Advantages of using a headhunting Discretion and confidentiality is obviously one of the biggest advantages: When retaining the services of a headhunter you should be assured that only a very few people will know you are seeking to have a particular position filled. Experience and knowledge and know how is another advantage:- A good headhunter will be a good researcher, they will be able to fully understand the attributes you need and will be able to understand the culture and climate of your organisation and so be able to identify key individuals that will really make a difference to your firm. They will be skilled at approaching people, offering concise explanations, will be skilled negotiators with high emotional intelligence and empathy skills and will be able to differentiate between the merely good and the really great candidates. Disadvantage of head hunting A headhunter cannot afford to devote his/her attention to just one client. Headhunters are often commission-paid and under pressure to meet hiring quotas for the recruitment companies they work for. Hires salary paid of headhunter. Difficult in headhunting process to determine the best headhunter. After the complete headhunting process headhunter maybe give wrong information about competitor and market situation Five points every recruiter should adopt to achieve effective headhunting results Identify your candidates Name gathering Overcoming obstacles Identifying the desire to change Manage the resignation REVIEW OF LITRATURE Understand Head Hunting Various companies and firms have chosen to enhance their human resource by using the expertise that headhunters bring to recruitment. The boom in the headhunting industry can be attributed to the headhunters superior understanding of the industry and market norms, job profiles, people skills etc. It is imperative to have an in-depth specialised knowledge of the industry, the job requirements, work culture, HR policies etc. Several factors need to be considered. The headhunter takes into consideration the candidates values, job preferences, skills, background, family commitments etc. These are the guiding parameters by which the headhunter analyses the candidates suitability to the requirements of the recruiter. The headhunter should guide the candidates in interview handling skills. A headhunter stakes his reputation on the competencies of his candidate.A headhunter can be tuned to success in the corporate scenario. The intense competition in the recruitment procedures has led to several headhunters working round the clock. The Future of Headhunting It depends on whom you ask and, maybe more importantly, what level of executive you want to recruit. On one hand are those who argue that the Internet and other innovations are transforming todays headhunting firms and recruitment strategies. Internet career cites such as Monster.com are moving into the executive market, threatening to compete against old-style headhunters in a lucrative market. High-potential candidates are located, tracked and monitored as they move through their careers in other companies. When the time is right, these people are offered a job.Its hard to argue that these trends are not having an impact on executive recruitment, but it may also be premature to imply that most top-notch global executives are suddenly going to put their resumes online or allow their skills to be evaluated by software Head Hunter Can Do For Company Head hunting is not just about getting the top performer from another company, it is also about hunting for people with a specific set of talents to work for them.Talent skills that are not being recognized by the company that you are working with right now, and another company might see a valuable potential in you. People all over the world are stuck in the situation that they are being under utilized and because of the fact that they are being under utilized and their talents are not being channeled effectively. The whole point of a resume and the list of talents are for it to get the air space that it needs. Companies who are interested in one thing and is to get the best talents and the employees with the most potential. Aviation Headhunting Initially conduct an on-site visit at the clients HQ to establish working conditions, meet key decision makers and gather a view of the environment, which prospective candidates can expect to enter. Together with the client we produce a draft job profile and person specification, agree on timescale for delivery and draw up contracts. Advertising copy is expertly written and the advert drawn up by a Marlborough consultant he is designed to ensure maximum response. Having created a talent pool of suitable candidates, he arranges face-to-face interviews and via a process of elimination produce a short list worthy of presentation to the client. Marlborough provides the client with an in-house generated assessment report detailing our opinions and comments on the relative capabilities of each of the short-listed candidates. Marlborough arranges an interview agenda with the client and manages short-listed candidates. Following is the detailed feedback sessions, Marlborough gathers in-dep th reference and after this contract signature with the selected individual we personally write to unsuccessful candidates. Headhunting has evolved Dont get left behind Critical lack of leadership talent available globally and a demanding top level candidate, the headhunting climate has become more sophisticated and challenging. Extended hiring time and losing quality candidates, leading to an expensive process and a dissatisfied client and candidates. A top headhunter does not compromise its executive network, but focuses on connecting top-end talent with reputable screened employers of choice. Getting the Best and the Brightest Headhunters often belong to professional and trade organizations. Their directories are a rich source of who are up and coming. The approach to the candidate is important and to make it known that would be treated in a confidential manner. Worldwide, retained firms account only for US$2 billion out of the entire US$10-billion executive search industry. A guarantee period, usually six months, within which candidates are replaced at no additional cost should they leave for whatever reason. And a headhunter cannot tap a candidate for another job offer after placing him in one job for a specified period of time. Headhunting the Old-fashioned Way: A Case for the Human Touch in a Dot-Com World Many of the sites say they provide employers with turn-key recruitment solutions. Monster.com, for example, says on their homepage that they deliver cost-effective and efficient recruiting solutions, including real-time job postings, complete company profiles and resume screening .Recruitment made easy. Nor has it ever been easier to peruse career opportunities at companies across the country. That being said, the main thing Internet recruiting has done is create a flood of resumes for employers and a revenue stream for the likes of www.monster.com. Not surprisingly, this recruitment-made-easy environment is also a turn-over-made-easy environment. The demand for talent goes up; the supply of it is going down. Seventy five percent of top corporate executives surveyed said that their companies are either chronically short of talent or suffer talent droughts. Finding and keeping your next new hire will require a good bit more from the organization than the Monster Board can do for compa ny. The World of the Headhunter Usually the headhunter will be employed to find individuals from competitor companies, poaching the top industry talent and in doing so, giving their client a competitor advantage over one of their rivals. Within financial services, the very best employees can often help to generate millions of pounds in profits for a company. This means that headhunters, although popular with companies looking to hire, are feared and loathed by companies who are worried that their best employees could be poached. How are Headhunters Paid? Good headhunters are highly-respected professionals in their chosen field, and are able to charge clients large fees for their services like any other professional, such as lawyers or accountants. The rewards on offer for headhunters are high. Types of Headhunting Company There are three distinctive types of headhunting firm. Right at the top of the pecking order are the search companies. The tend to focus on recruiting at the most senior level, for managing directors, chief financial officers and chief executives. Search companies keep detailed profiles on clients and also on high-level employees they believe could be of interest. Once a client contacts them to fill a role (for example after a chief executive has informed the company board of their intention to leave), the search company will draw up a shortlist of candidates, discuss them with the client and then make their approaches. Boutique headhunters take a more varied approach. They will use a number of different methods to find good potential employees, including advertising roles, conducting informal searches and trawling through company records for the names of likely personnel. Boutiques often cultivate lists of contacts within an industry and then contact those people to ask if they know of any colleagues who may fit a certain role. The lowest level of headhunters are those that work on a contingent basis, and are most similar to standard recruitment agencies. They will advertise a range of roles within a specific company and get paid for each role What Training is Required to be a Headhunter? Headhunting is not just a more expensive version of recruitment, although entry into the field is similar. Most headhunting firms expect their employees to have a good first class or 2:1 degree. More importantly, a headhunter will need to be confident, good at problem solving, highly motivated to succeed, able to demonstrate good communication skills and possess the ability to network. What Should you do if a Headhunter Contacts You? If you are contacted by a headhunter, it is nearly always worth giving them a few minutes of your time, even if it means calling them back at a more convenient time to talk. In todays volatile jobs market, it always pays to remain on the radar of headhunters. Headhunting 101 The modern business of executive headhunting remains a mystery to most business people, this despite its routes trace back to the days soon after the armistice of World War 1 when it was first practiced and conceived within the walls of the earliest management consulting firms. If you are unaware our remain unconvinced about the influence of todays corporate headhunters, HeadHYPERLINK http://hubpages.com/hub/When-A-Headhunter-Calls HYPERLINK http://hubpages.com/hub/When-A-Headhunter-Callshunters are especially powerful facilitators of executive mobility and management career opportunity, they work as agents of both creative and destructive influence on hiring organizations, their brands, leadership, culture and financial performance. SECTORS IN WHICH HEAD HUNTING IS FOLLOWED INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The Indian information technology (IT) industry has played a key role in putting India on the global map. Thanks to the success of the IT industry, India is now a power to reckon with. According to the Department of Information Technology (DIT), the overall Indian software and services industry revenue is estimated to have grown from US$ 10.2 billion in 2001-02 to reach US$ 58.7 billion in 2008-09-translating to a CAGR of about 26.9 per cent. The industry grew at 12.9 per cent in 2008-09. According to DIT, exports continue to dominate the revenues earned by the Indian software and services industry. The export intensity (the share of IT-ITeS exports to total IT-ITeS revenue) of Indian software and services industry has grown from 74.5 per cent in 2001-02 to 78.9 per cent in 2008-09. Total software and services exports are estimated to have grown from US$ 7.6 billion to US$ 46.3 billion in 2008-09, a CAGR of 28.6 per cent. The National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) is the apex body for software services in India.As per its Strategic Review 2010 published in February 2010, the India IT-BPO industry is estimated to aggregate revenues of US$ 73.1 billion in FY 2010, with the IT software and services industry accounting for US$ 63.7 billion of revenue. Moreover, according to a study by Springboard Research published in February 2010, the Indian information technology (IT) market is expected to grow at around 15.5 per cent in 2010, on the back of growing investor confidence and favourable initiatives taken by the government. EXAMPLES Tony started his working career in 1989 after completing a Diploma in Computer Programming, working for a freight and transport company developing various business applications. He then moved to a software consulting company and consulted to clients as diverse as local government, manufacturing and direct marketing. Tony headed up a development team at this company and assisted a number of clients progress their business requirements through to implementation of technical solutions.Tony followed this with a role at a leading financial services company where he spent time learning the retirement industry, detailed database design techniques and business management. During his four years at this company Tony consulted to and dealt with all levels of management. Management Strategy Experience He was head-hunted to join a leading technology company to build their professional services capacity and Tony built and managed this team for the next 3 years. Tony undertook various training courses in sales and marketing and was responsible for market strategy, research and development, pre-sales consulting, and liaison with the EMEA region of the international market. He gained extensive knowledge in the facilitation of business process development. David Taylor says get headhunted again and again-There is a shortage of outstanding IT directors and CIOs. Companies who value their incumbents must ensure they put in place a retention plan that rewards well above the average in terms of both salary and influence. Board level membership will be a given for IT leaders who are prepared to take their companies into the new, virtual battleground, and lead the fight against the new competitors that are emerging every week. If you are an IT director who has the right skills, and you share this with a belief in your own ability as a leader, the choice is yours. You can take on a similar role in a new company, or join an IT service provider in a senior role, or start out as an entrepreneur. When Kevin Murphy was headhunted he decided to leave his comfortable job at media firm Emap for Excel many of his friends thought he was mad.In heavy debt and in danger of becoming east Londons very own white elephant, the exhibition centre was struggling. Despite that, after Kevin was offered the deputy chief executive role at the Royal Docks venue, he said yes without a second thought. After the last chaotic 15 months which included a takeover by Middle Eastern billionaires, plans unveiled for mass expansion, and, last month, Excel being revealed as the centrepiece of a business tourism masterplan which could give London the financial boost needed to rise from economic gloom he could well be right.Now Kevin, who was appointed chief executive of Excel last year, got here is an interesting tale in itself, and is not typical of most CEOs. INTRODUCTION TO RETAIL INDUSTRY The economy is growing by 8% a year, its stock market rose by nearly 40% in 2005 and foreign investors are flooding in. There are about nine million small grocery shops in India Whichever way you measure it, business in India is booming. And as the economy grows, so does Indias middle class. It is estimated that 70 million Indians in a population of about 1 billion now earn a salary of $18,000 a year, a figure that is set to rise to 140 million by 2011. Many of these people are looking for more choice in where to spend their new-found wealth. The Indian retail sector is now worth about $250bn ( £140bn) a year, but it is heavily underdeveloped. Well over 95% of the market is made up of small, uncomputerised family-run stores. Now there are finally signs that the Indian government is dropping its traditionally protectionist stance and opening up its retail market to greater overseas investment. Last month it eased restrictions on foreign investment, allowing overseas retailers to own 51% of outlets as long as they sell only single-brand goods. For the first time, chains like McDonalds, Marks Spencer, Body Shop and Ikea can, if they want to, open and control their own operations in India. Previously, many of them had gone down the path of working with franchise partners, a policy followed by MS which supplies clothes to eight Planet Sports stores. They look like MS stores on the inside, but they are owned by local retailers, and the UK retailer has no plans for that to change. Lots of employment generation by Indian Organized Retail Sector in the near future. India is going through a radical economic change. Though it is very infant stage, people can feel the climate is changing. The unorganized retailers takes the lions share in the Indian retail sector, but the organized retailers are growing at a good pace, and promises an increase of proportion of 9 10% by 2010. This is to be the largest sector after the agricultural sector. The present employment in the retail business is nearly 4 crores and around 20 crores depends on this sector. There is a scope of better exposure to the international standards with the entry of transnational companies, which in turn is encouraging more more retail management programs to open up and help bridging the gap of supply demand of talented professionals for management. EXAMPLES The Reliance recruitment bandwagon for its retail venture rolls on. The latest experienced retailing hand likely to join Reliance soon is Mr K. Radhakrishnan, Vice-President (Merchandising), Spencers Retail of the RPG group, and part of the original team that put FoodWorld operations in place. He has been roped in as CEO of Reliances hypermarket vertical. The group has plans to set up hundreds of hypermarkets around the country and he will be responsible for its rollout. Mr Radhakrishnan, who had quit the RPG group after an over-seven-year stint, a couple of months ago, was to have spearheaded the retail business of diamond trading company Dimexon. However, he will now be a Reliance hand. Microsoft is reportedly trying to hire away Apples retail employees by bribing them withà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ wait for it, better wages. People that have spoken to The Loop on condition of anonymity confirm that Microsoft has contacted a number of Apples retail store managers to work in their stores. In addition to significant raises, the managers have also been offered moving expenses in some cases. It doesnt end there: once the ex-Apple managers have jumped ship, they are asked to contact their top sales employees at their old workplaces and offer them similar positions at Microsofts retail stores, also with higher pay. An outstanding employee in his first job working in marketing for Xerox, Schultz was headhunted by the Swedish company Perstorp AB. He became the houseware firms vice president at twenty-six and oversaw their American subsidiary, Hammerplast USA. As with Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds, who took an interest in the original McDonalds buying up so many milkshake mixers, Schultzs interest was piqued by the large number of espresso machines that a company called Starbucks was buying from Hammerplast. CONCLUSION The practical use of head hunting through head hunter such as china head hunter how to regulate and how, why and when use of head hunter: The regulation of head hunting: 1. Keep secret Keeping secret is the most important in headhunting China industry because it not only relates with our head hunter in China commodity secrets it also relating with the clients commodity secrets and candidates secrets. 2. Provide favorable head hunting The nature of china head hunting industry is service. 3. China head hunter proper elite. This means elite that we headhunting China is advanced and professional elite 4. Abide by the law. It often contacts with famous firm and elite, so we must abide by the law. 5. Profession Headhunting Company holds the evaluating ways and comprehends every industry. 6. Stabilization China head hunter company will set up long time tracking service. How to choose a head hunting company Modern enterprises are faced with increasingly intense talent competition, especially the competition of senior management talents. When an enterprise chooses the approach to the acquisition of senior management talents the recommendation by the head hunting company is an effective way worth consideration. Thus, upon choosing head hunting companies the review of the historical background of head hunting companies is conducive to the finding of competent Knowing the specialized field of the head hunting company: A head hunting company proficiency in a certain field can provide the most suitable candidate within the shortest time. Although the people in other industries looks headhunting as one industry. Only by doing so can the head hunting company find the right candidate within the minimum time. Interview with consultants in charge of certain business: The background of head hunting company is certainly important, and the quality of the consultant is important too. The reason why sometimes many candidates recommended by head hunting company seem a little different from the requirement of the enterprise is the gap of its consultant in the understanding apcity of the position. Learning about the operation flow of the head hunting company: Now many head hunting companies are actually agency companies, who may tell you they hold thousands of talents data, when you entrust them with the job recruitment, they will just search the data in the database and may recommend candidates to you without basic interview. Looking at the website of the head hunting company: Many head hunting companies have established their own websites, so viewing their client group and historical records can be helpful to your grasp of their specialized fields. The websites of head hunting companies are different from those of talent agency companies. How to use headhunter It Very often the best candidates are already happily employed. They are not thinking of moving and they wont respond to an advert. Head-hunters role is to source these people for difficult-to-fill positions. They differ from agencies because they focus exclusively on approaching people already working rather than considering people looking for work. Why to use headhunter Headhunters are used for varied reasons, including and most especially for people looking for middle management and executive positions within their chosen industry. Headhunters or contingency executive recruiters are not as widely regarded, respected or considered to be as reputable as retainment executive recruiters. Generally speaking companies such as consultants and staffing agencies use headhunters to find people for contract or full-time/permanent jobs. Headhunters are useful when looking for more generalized positions, including general management, but their focus is helping their client to find potential candidates that the client themselves were unable to find despite all their efforts. This is one of the reasons that they have received such bad press. There have been cases where candidates have worked with headhunters and ended up not getting a position at all. In fact, the worst type of headhunter will forward any and every resume to their clients with total disregard to whether or not the candidate is suitable or not. This wastes time, money and sometimes contracts with clients. When to use a headhunter: When using a headhunter it is important to find someone that can be trusted before engaging them in a contract. This is best done by finding another firm that has used their services before and getting a recommendation. Also, it is critical for a company to insist that they are not sent every resume in sight and that they are kept totally informed of the work the headhunter is doing. The most important things to keep in mind when using a headhunter are: Quality work for a reasonable price Good communication policies References and recommendations from other companies that have used their services An ability to do a proper candidate search for people who are suited to a job position and not just anyone and any resume

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Freedom from Reality Essay -- Mark Tw

In Mark Twain’s, Huck Finn, Huck seeks to escape oppression from his father and manages to fake his own death and run away. Just after his escape, Huck meets Jim, a familiar runaway slave to who he regretfully decides to help. Along their journey they travel down the Mississippi River which comes to serve as an asylum away from the influences of society. While the river initially appears to offer freedom from the wrongs of society, it ironically brings them closer towards the oppression of southern society. Initially the river offers Huck and Jim physical and mental liberation from society. Searching for freedom, Huck and Jim learn that they need to use the river as their path to freedom. On the river, they find beauty, peace, and also discover that they make their own rules: Sometimes we'd have that whole river all to ourselves for the longest time†¦maybe you could hear a fiddle or a song coming over from one of them crafts. It's lovely to live on a raft. We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them, and discuss about whether they was made or only just happened. (1325) In this passage, we see how life on the river opens them up to pondering new ideas and discovering new found appreciation for nature. Through a physical separation they are able to appreciate the friendship and liberation that nature offers. They recognize that they are away from society and now have only the stars, the sky and the river to guide them. This physical separation also gives them a sense of mental separation, where they are able to make their own rules and become open to ideas. When Huck says, â€Å"I was boss of it, it all belonged to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1267), we see that Huck fee... ..., Huck’s journey down the river opens his eyes to the ugliness of human nature and the danger in losing sight of reality. Huck’s illusion of the river as being a genuine escape from society is cut short by the quick invasion and the steady influence southern society has. The invasion of southern society to life on the river tears down the physical and mental barriers and once again attempts to enslave them to the influences of society. Until that point, their journey down the Mississippi is just another one of Tom’s adventures. It is through this placement back into the realms of reality that Huck and Jim finally are able to challenge ideas of not only southern society but also human nature. Works Cited Clemens, Samuel. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter, et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Lexington: Heath, 1994.

Money & Debt Corporation: Project Plan Overview :: Business Management Studies Essays

Money & Debt Corporation is a mid-size company located in Northern California. Money & Debt Corporation offers a Visa and MasterCard to its customers. Recently, the company has noticed a decline in card usage by approximately 65% of its customers. Based on this decline, management at Money & Debt Corporation initiated a phone and mail survey to its customer-base to discover the reason for decreased usage of its credit cards. The results of the survey determined that many cardholders were dissatisfied with not being able to access their account information via the World Wide Web (WWW). Cardholders commented that their other credit cards have on-line services that meet the demands of their busy life styles. Based on the results of the surveys, sr. management at Money & Debt Corporation has decided to implement a project to create a customer web site. Once functional, the web-site will allow cardholders to access their account information 24 hours a day, pay their monthly bill on line, request credit increases, update personal information, and report lost or stolen cards. The web site will also have a feature for new customers to apply for credit cards. The successful implementation of a customer web site along with effective advertising will increase card usage by existing customers, while also attracting a new customer-base. Project Objectives The objectives for the implementation of Online Credit Card services for Money & Debt Corporation are: †¢ To expand their current operations to the WWW within six months †¢ To ensure that the web site is fully operational 24 hours a day †¢ To ensure that all features described in the Statement of Need function properly prior to project implementation †¢ To ensure that the web site receives appropriate advertising through television ads, mailings, and internet advertising †¢ To ensure secure transactions for the company’s clientele The time frame for project completion is six months and the project should not exceed the $200,000 budget at the time of completion. Once each objective is completed according to the WBS and timeline, the project will be evaluated. Each objective will be compared to the Mission and Goals statement for accuracy and quality assurance. A representative from the corporation will evaluate each task to ensure completion. Each component will be tested by a select group of individuals that will be using the new system. Mission and Goals of Project To expand current operation to the World Wide Web, Money & Debt will start a web site project with the following goals: 1. Personalized Customer Page This will provide the customer the ability to customize the home web page to fit their needs. The main objective is to make it their home

My College Experience :: Personal Narrative Writing

My College Experience My decision to change schools from The University of North Texas to come to Penn State, leaving behind friends I had made was a difficult and long process. The months leading to the decision were filled with a lot of stress, and put strain on family and friends alike. Adding to the situation was the strain of my not having a car, and not being able to afford to fix my current one. Even with these factors pressuring me, I think I managed to make the right decision, and left UNT, and came to Penn State. I should have known right from the start that I would have problems. My first day on the UNT campus I was told I would have to redo nearly all of my previous college work. They had different history, language, and English requirements than did my community college from Pennsylvania, and despite providing course descriptions, the classes that did match up, were named differently that theirs, so they denied transferring nearly all of my classes. After a fight, I resolved to take the classes that they required differently from my community college, for example, American History, where I had European history. Things were not fixed yet, but at least I was taking classes, and making progress.To further worsen things, I fell ill not a week into the semester. An initial strain of the flu had me running a fever of 102, and made me pretty much unable to do anything. I managed to get over it in about a week, but then I got a secondary infection which once again raised my body temperature to 102+. I finally went to see a doctor. He explained what happened why my fever broke and came back. He also prescribed antibiotics and cough medicine which got me on my feet again after another week. When I came back, professors were not willing to work with me at all, doctor’s note or no doctor’s note. My physics class even had a test the first day I was back, and I was forced to take it totally unprepared. Needless to say I failed the test miserably. To my surprise, so did the rest of the class. I managed to catch up in all my other classes to the point where I could expect a C, but I never recovered from physics, and ended up needing to retake it, and having my GPA smudged.

Information Technology’s Effect on Society

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Information Technology’s Effect on Society * Tanya Cavaleri * English Compostion II * EN 130. 1. 1 Sitting at the park on a nice beautiful day, you’re reading your friends post on Facebook from your IPhone. At home getting ready to type up a research paper and you realize you still need one last piece of information where do you go? Google and conduct a search. Your teenager just came to you crying because she was accused of sending pictures via text to her boyfriend and now it’s all over Twitter and Facebook that she is a slut.Information technology’s effect on society comes with good and bad effects on people everywhere every day. We have come so far since internet has gone public in early 1990’s (Howe, 2012), but at what cost to our society? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary (2011) information technology is the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and network s for the processing and distribution of data. The use of computers and other devices have allowed us to use social medias like Facebook to find and stay in contact with our family and friends.The World Wide Web has all the information we may need at our finger tips. No more waiting on snail mail to deliver mail when we can send an email and have it delivered instantly to the recipient. Information technology is even enabled us to be able to work from home more efficiently. With the click of our mouse or the swipe of our finger we’re able to send off packages and track the delivers without ever changing out of our pajamas. Paying bills and managing budgets having never been easier.But at what cost is all this information technology bringing? Our society is so desensitized that we don’t seem to care what all this â€Å"awesome† technology is doing to our world. For example our teenagers are faced with both bullying at school and online. Having to face their peers daily and fear the rumors that could spread over one remark or wrong picture on Facebook, Twitter or text message is difficult for many of them. So is social media a good thing? Maybe, but it needs to be monitored more.Google (â€Å"Google,† 2012) the word Hacker and there is about 246,000,000 results. Like â€Å"how to become a hacker† or â€Å"how hackers work†. Information technology can open society up to be very vulnerable. Like leaving the back door unlocked for anyone to walk through if we’re not careful. Siciliano (2012) writes according to the Javelin Strategy & Research, in 2011 identity fraud increased by 13 percent. More than 11. 6 million adults became a victim of identity fraud in the United States.Online banking, bill pay, shopping online are all conveniences we have grown accustomed to over the last 18 years but we need to protect our private information. Sometime information technology can fall in the wrong hands and cause havoc for thou sands of people. Just one of many examples is in 2006 the U. S. government warned that a database containing sensitive information about veterans and their families had been stolen, after an employee violated policy and brought the data home (Lemos, 2006).So yes information technology is a much needed asset in today society. Providing helpful guided searches, helping to connect with family that are thousands of miles away, paying bills quickly and sending messages lighting fast. But in the wrong hands in can be more destructive then a hurricane, leaving heartache and pain with every stroke of the finger. Davidson, J. (n. d. ). Ezinearticles. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Online-Banking—History-Still-in-the-Making? &a